Gastric & Breast Cancer
DOI: 10.2122/gbc.2003.0023
Perspective
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Carcinogenesis
in the stomach: Hypotheses, Facts and Future |
Abstract |
Gastric
cancer is the end result of multistep, multifactorial,
long-term, complex interaction between environmental
and genetic factors. In contrast to other common sporadic
cancer types, as breast or prostate cancer, in which
inherited effects have a greater contribution to cancer
risk, epigenetic events that lie outside the cancer
cells are essential in gastric carcinogenesis. |
H
pylori infection has been identified as an essential
exogenous causative factor in the initiations of gastric
carcinogenesis, but additional other factors, which
promote the process of precursor lesions to invasive
cancer, are largely unknown. |
Three
rational major theories, including host polymorphisms,
H. pylori genotypes and most recently specific combinations
of both, have been suggested to explain why a minority
only of infected subjects develops invasive gastric
cancer.
Recently, a tumor suppressor gene, the RUNX3 involved
in gastric cancer has been identified and several
mutations (MLH1/microsatelite instability, loss
of TP53) have been described, but the underlying
molecular mechanisms responsible to progression
of epithelial gastric mucosal cells to cancer cells
are poorly understood. Identification of key events
in carcinogenic pathway will open the way for the
development of highly-targeted preventative drugs.
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last
update: 3 February 2004 |
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